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FARM HOUSE—BAUL 
PROVINCE OF GRANADA 


SPANISH 
FARM: HOVSES 


AND MINOR. 


PVBLIC:-BVILDINGS 


Photographs: and Drawings py 
WINSOR: SOVLE 
-A-B - BS - M-A-I-A - 
With-an-Introduction- by 
RALPH -ADAMS:-CRAM 

SITE OID Soe FTL IVY 8 7 a iy (Ose 





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NEW- YORK 
1924 
ARCHITECTVRAL BOOK: PVBLISHING: CO 


PAVL: WENZEL: AND - MAVRICE: KRAKOW 
THIRTY: ONE: EAST -TWELFTH ‘STREET 





‘ P os) iv 
4 
Copyricut 1923 
BY d) 
PauL WENZEL AND Maurice Krakow 


Zs 





TO THE FAITHFUL COMPANION 
OF MY JOURNEYS 
WHOSE ZEAL AND ENTHUSIASM 
MADE POSSIBLE THE COLLECTION 
OF THESE PHOTOGRAPHS 
THIS BOOK IS AFFECTIONATELY 
DEDICATED 





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INTRODUCTION 


PAIN—the real Spain—is almost an unknown country. It is 
true that hurried tourists dart into Seville on their little trip be- 
tween steamers, and touch perhaps at Granada and Cordova on 
their way back to Gibraltar. Madrid also is not unknown, though 
why, except for the Prado, remains a mystery. Now and then strayed 
revellers from San Sebastian venture across the Pyrenees even to Bil- 
bao, and at the other end of the mountain wall commercial agents come 


down to Barcelona 





and return. The great Spain of the old King- 
doms of Castile and Leon, of Aragon and Andalucia, the real Spain 
that hides itself away from the cities and the railways and the motor 
roads, this is left to itself, and it is well that it is so. 

Madrid, Barcelona, Bilbao are not Spain; they are only varying 
degrees of cosmopolitanism and the dead levelling of industrialism. 
Seville is indeed real, and Toledo, Segovia, Burgos, Salamanca, while 
there is a heart of Barcelona that has not wholly surrendered to coal 
and iron and their derivatives, capitalism and communism, but it is on 
the wide, windy plains of the great central plateau, in the amber and 
violet mountains of its borders and spurs, and in the rich lowlands of 
the Mediterranean shore that the real Spain of San Fernando and the 
Catholic Kings and Don Ouixcte still exists, and happily may be found 
by the venturesome and the un-circular-tripperized. 

Of course it is unfamiliarity that has bred the modern contempt 
for Spain, the strange illusion of its degeneracy and backwardness. 
It is both these things if you measure it by the standards of the indus- 
trial magnate and the commercial traveller and the efficiency expert, 
but a people must first be judged by their own established standards, 
and those of the Spanish people, as a race, are otherwise. It is argu- 
able that they have chosen a better way than others of their genera- 
tion; in any case, to estimate them and their civilization and ideals 


it is necessary to get outside all preconceived ideas not only as to our 





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own civilization, but as to theirs as well, for never has a people been 
more misrepresented by historians and travellers and essayists. Prac- 
tically all one hears of Spain is wrong, both as to the things that are 
praised and those that are blamed. It is the only country left on earth 
that, to the perceptive traveller, is new. 

Now the old Spain of evangelical religious faith, of aristocratic 
democracy, of austerity and courtesy and grave self-respect, the Spain 
of arid little farms, parched vineyards and gaunt mountain pastures; 
of tropical gardens and cloistered patios; of vast, ruined castles and 
white farm houses and friendly, immaculate inns; of shepherds and 
donkeys and caballeros and beggars, is the Spain that Mr. Soule has 
found, and his pictures are glimpses of this interior Spain. You will 
not find these subjects in the photograph shops or 1n the pages of the 
Geographical Magazine, but you will find them in Spain if you once 
leave the tourist track. Not that Mr. Soule has disdained the major 
architecture of the larger towns; he gives his examples of the baroque 
(spontaneous for once) and the fantastic plateresque that are so char- 
acteristically Spanish, but chiefly he pursues the vernacular archi- 
tecture of farms and inns and the narrow streets of little villages, that 
is not really architecture at all from an academic point of view, but 
just the straightforward, instinctive building of grave and kindly men 
behind whom hes the creative tradition of two thousand years. 

Spanish architecture is incomparable, Moorish, Romanesque, 
Gothic, Plateresque, Rococo; and whatever its source or genre is trans- 
formed by Spanish temperament into something quite racial and 
unique, but side by side grows a quite different thing, and that is the 
modest building of the poor farmer and the undistinguished denizen 
of the town. Here is the art of building reduced to its simplest and 
plainest forms, and the collection of photographs which, for the first 
time, does this work due honour, is a wholesome lesson for architects 
of small things (actually more vital and important than the big 
things) and is a stimulus and inspiration as well. 

Consider the simplicity of the materials and the forms. Rough 
rubble, either left gray and silvery or washed a thousand times with 


white, yellow, sienna or rose-red lime; brown, natural wood, and 


I] 


rough tiles of every possible shade, from raw umber and dull ochre, 
through burnt sienna to murrey and the dull purple of wine-lees. 
There is little brick and less cut stone, while ornament is most spar- 
ingly used; a roughly carved capital here and there, a door archi- 
trave, a coat of arms, there is little more, and the effect comes from 
instinctively good proportions, a perfect designing and placing of 
doors and windows, and a picturesqueness of composition that is so 
good it could not be premeditated. The Spaniard understands the wall 
and the roof as does no one else: he can build up his flat wall of rub- 
ble, cover it with a toned whitewash, pierce it with a door and five 


windows, add a balcony and two “rejas” of perfect iron-work, crown 


the whole with a sweeping roof of tawny tiles, plant two cypresses 
and an almond tree near by, and produce a composition that is the 
despair of the trained and cultured architect. 

No matter where you go you find this sort of thing at every turn, 
whether in the dim calles of Seville, the gray alleys of Toledo, the 
ochre and umber streets of Segovia, or in the tropical towns of Anda- 
lucia or the bleak barrens of Aragon and Castile. Nor does it matter 
what century gave it birth; it is all good and of a piece, down through 
the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, even into the nineteenth. It is 
only the last thirty years that have seen the death of the old tradition 
and the coming in of the morbid affectations of architects and specu- 


oP) 


lators, and the blasting horror of the “Barcelona Style,” with its omi- 
nous culmination in the abortive Church of the Sagrada Famiglia. 
Pictures such as these are for students and creators of the real 
architecture of a people; not for copying, but for mental and spiritual 
lumination. Spain can teach much in this direction, perhaps more 
than any other country, but the real Spain of today can teach more to 
these who will listen, and that is the fundamental qualities in decent 
Christian civilization that, once achieved, will instinctively express 
themselves in a building art of this nature. Spain is an exemplar of 
the saving of real things while the unreal pass by, and something 
of this quality is revealed through such pictures as Mr. Soule has 


brought together. 
RAUPH ADAMS CRAM, 
Boston, Mass., January 6, 1923. 


Il 





FOREWORD 


It was my good fortune, on a trip for professional study through 
the Mediterranean Countries of Europe during the spring of 1922, 
to travel some four thousand miles by automobile through the Iberian 
Peninsula. The pictures contained in this volume are a selection from 
some four hundred photographs taken throughout the entire country, 
and no effort has been made to confine the subject matter to any 
specified style or period, except that those dealing with the Baroque, 
Churrigueresque and Moorish periods have been purposely omitted 
as having little or no application in the Architecture of today. 

I believe that these photographs give a good general idea of the 
variety and delightful charm of the minor achitecture of this region, 
and are, I believe, quite typical of the country as a whole, owing to 
the fact that travelling by auto made possible the inspection of a great 
deal of territory not usually seen by the tourist who must perforce 
submit to the agonies of the Spanish railroads. 

I wish to express here my sincere thanks to Sigs. Rafael Arevalo 
and Jose Granados, both young architects of Seville; to Messrs. Paul 
Wenzel and Maurice Krakow, the publishers of this volume; to my 
two partners, John Frederic Murphy and T. Mitchell Hastings; and 
particularly to my brother-in-law, Lockwood de Forest, Jr., for their 


advice and criticism in the preparation of this work. 
WINSORSOULE: 
Santa Barbara) Calitornia, 


26 ‘April, 1923. 


IV 





FARM NEAR, 


RIUDELLOTS 
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FARM HOUSES 





GARDEN OF FARM HOUSE—BAUL 
PROVINCE OF GRANADA 





FARM HOUSES 





FARM HOUSE NEAR BENIJOFAR—PROVINCE OF ALICANTE 








FARM HOUSE NEAR CUEVAS DE BECERRO—PROVINCE OF MALAGA 


2 





FARM HOUSES 





FARM HOUSE NEAR CASTELLOLI 
PROVINCE OF BARCELONA 


Seve 





te 











FARM HOUSES 





HACIENDA NEAR LAS CABEZAS—PROVINCE OF SEVILLA 





HACIENDA NEAR CARMONA—PROVINCE OF SEVILLA 





FARM HOUSES 


re 


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eae 





near rae er a 


DETAIL OF DOORWAY TO HACIENDA NEAR LAS CABEZAS 


PROVINCE OF SEVILLA 





FARM HOUSES 


A ah s 
TET Oe ae, 





FARM HOUSE NEAR RIUDELLOT—PROVINCE OF GERONA 


6 





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PROVINCE OF MALAGA 





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VIONATVACYVAN V.LUAAH ELL AOrsaDVLLOO GanoOLVEL, 


ALNVOITV JO AONIAOUd 
UVAOLINA YVAN ADV.LLOO GAHO.LVHL 





ALNVOITV JO AONIAOUd 
SATV[OU UVAN ADVLLOO GHHOLVHL 








FARM HOUSES 





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FARM HOUSE NEAR PENARUBBIO—PROVINCE OF MALAGA 


10 





EARM@BOUSES 





FARM HOUSE NEAR FORNELLS—PROVINCE OF GERONA 





FARM AND STABLE NEAR VILAJUIGA—PROVINCE OF GERONA 


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PROVINCE OF SEVILLA 


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ALNVOITV JO HONIAOUd 
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FARM HOUSE NEAR PIZARRO—PROVINCE OF MALAGA 





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14 





FARM HOUSES 





FARM HOUSE NEAR ARCO DE BARA—PROVINCE OF TARAGONA 





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COTTAGE NEAR JIJONA 
PROVINCE OF ALICANTE 


16 





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FARM HOUSES 





HACIENDA NEAR UTRERA—PROVINCE OF SEVILLA 





THATCHED COTTAGE NEAR RONDA—PROVINCE OF MALAGA 


17 





FARM HOUSES 





HALF TIMBER HOUSES ON THE ROAD TO SAN SEBASTIAN 
PROVINCE OF GUIPUZCOA 


18 





FARM HOUSES 


AKARRAKARR 





FARM GATE NEAR ALORA—PROVINCE OF MALAGA 


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FARM HOUSES 


HOUSE NEAR VILLAMARTIN 
PROVINCE OF CADIZ 








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FARM HOUSE NEAR ALHAMA—PROVINCE OF MURCIA 


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PROVINCE OF MALAGA 


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DETAIL OF DOORWAY, COTTAGE NEAR LIBRILLA—PROVINCE OF MURCIA 


23 





FARM HOUSES 





INN NEAR SEVILLA 
PROVINCE OF SEVILLA 


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PROVINCE OF ALMERIA 


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CROSS AT VILLAREAL—PROVINCE OF CASTELLON 





HOUSES ON THE RIVER—GERONA—PROVINCE OF GERONA 


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HOUSE ON THE PLAZA OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION—BAZA 
PROVINCE OF GRANADA 


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PROVINCE OF MALAGA PROVINCE OF MALAGA 





HOUSE AT NO. 49 CALLE MOLINO—RONDA HOUSE NEAR SANTA MARIA—CARMONA 
PROVINCE OF MALAGA | PROVINCE OF SEVILLA 


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HOUSES ON PLAZA MAYCK—BANOS DE MONTEMAYOR 
PROVINCE OF CACERES 


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Clie HOUSES 


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GATE OF TORREBLANCA 


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PUBLIC BUILDINGS 








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TOWER OF THE CHURCH OF SAN ANTONIO—ECIJA 


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74 


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75 





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86 





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PROVINCE OF AVILA PROVINCE OF TOLEDO 


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SAN JUAN BAUTISTA—TOLEDO AVILA 
PROVINCE OF TOLEDO PROVINCE OF AVILA 


87 





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90 





DETAILS 





CROSS NEAR VENDRELL CROSS NEAR SAGUNTO 
PROVINCE OF BARCELONA PROVINCE OF VALENCIA 





CROSS NEAR MURO ROADSIDE CROSS NEAR TORQUEMADA 
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93 


WROUGHT IRON WELL HEADS IN PATIO OF HOSPITAL OF SAN JUAN BAUTISTA—TOLEDO 


PROVINCE OF TOLEDO 











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94 


FOUNTAIN AT ALCAUDETE 


FOUNTAIN AT GUADARRAMA 


PROVINCE OF JAEN 


PROVINCE OF MADRID 





DETAILS 





FOUNTAIN ON THE CAMPO DE MADRE DE DIOS—CORDOBA—PROVINCE OF CORDOBA 


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TOLEDO BRIDGE—MADRID—PROVINCE OF MADRID 


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96 


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FOUNTAIN IN PLAZA DE SAN RAFAEL—CORDOBA 
PROVINCE OF CORDOBA 


98 


— 





RENAISSANCE 
ARCHITECTURE and ORNAMENT 
in SPAIN 


By ANDREW IN] PRENTICE 


SERIES of Examples selected from the purest Renaissance 

Architecture and Ornament in Spain, executed between the 
years 1500-1560. Measured and drawn by A. N. Prentice, 
Architect, A.R. 1. B.A. Containing 60 Folio Plates, size 13 x 18 
inches, reproduced by Photo-lithography and Photo Process of 
geometrical and measured drawings of details of Facades, 
Patios, Staircases, Doors, Windows, Ceilings, Brackets, Capitals 
and other details in Stone and Wood, together with examples of 
Iron Screens, Balconies and other specimens of Metal Work, etc. 
With short descriptive text. 


In Portfolio, $20.00 
Bound, all Plates on hinges, $25.00 


ERANGISGAN “MISSION ARCHIPECEURE 
of ALTA CALIFORNIA 


Bye SEORID NE WCOMB] Bes. CMa: 


N this magnificent publication, size 12% x 16, Mr. Newcomb has 

featured by especially taken photographs and carefully made detail 
drawings, all that remains of the Spanish Missions which were erected by 
the padres of the Franciscan Order on the Pacific Slope between the years 
1769 and 1823. Altogether twenty-one Missions are illustrated, among 
them Santa Barbara, San Juan Capistrano, San Gabriel, San Fernando, 
San Antonio de Padua, San Luis Rey, etc. 


The book is the only document on the subject that has ever been produced, 
and the publishers believe that it will prove of unusual interest to architects 
and those who are interested in the Missions of California. 


Handsomely bound, all Plaies on linen hinges 


Price, $18.00 


Or 





The MINOR | 
ECCLESIASTICAL - DOMESTIC - GARDEN 
ARCHITECTURE of SOUTHERN SPAIN 


Photographs and Drawings by 
A olla NeW bl bie SEY 


With a Preface by 
BERTRAM GROSVENOR GOODHUE 


N this book the architecture of southern Spain has not been treated in an archeological or 

historic manner, but the author has succeeded in producing a collection of photographs 

and sketches which in the highest degree expresses the charm and romance of the minor 
architecture in this picturesque country. In this form, the publishers are convinced, the book 
will prove of practical value for reference in the architect's office, and at the same time will be a 
source of pleasure and inspiration to the layman. 

The historic monuments of Spain have been too well illustrated and described to warrant 
another book being devoted to them, but in every town and village are many charming examples 
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writers of books. These smaller buildings we believe to be more useful and adaptable to the 
architecture of today than the greater ones. In general character they are quite similar to buildings 
of a corresponding class in Italy. What the details may lack in refinement is amply made up for 
in general proportions and by the lively imagination shown in the application of old and new 
motif. In the towers and domes of the smaller churches especially is shown a grace and variety of 
form that is not to be equaled in any but Spanish countries. 


One volume in fine Buckram Binding, 9% «12% inches, with 1 36 original photographs 
Price, $10.00 


The RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE 
of CENTRAL and NORTHERN SPAIN 


A companion volume to the Architecture of Southern Spain 


By AUSTIN WHITILESEY 


T contains less of the picturesque and the baroque, but 

is devoted almost entirely to the purer plateresque 
(renaissance) style and is intended to illustrate with photo- 
graphs the well-known book of measured drawings by Andrew 
N. Prentice. 

The measured drawings appearing in this volume illus- 
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iron work which were not illustrated by Prentice but which 
Mr. Whittlesey thought necessary for a complete under- 
standing of the style. 


One volume in fine Buckram Binding, 9% x 12% inches, with over 150 
original photographs and seventeen pages of measured drawings 


Price, $18.00 





Sketches of 
‘Northern Spanish cArchitecture 


IN PEN, PENCIL AND WASH 
By SAMUEL CHAMBERLAIN 


PORTFOLIO of more than fifty full-page drawings, size 914 x 12%, of 
the more important towns of Northern Spain, reproduced with remark- 
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They are sketches crowded with architectural information, soaked in an 
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FROM THE 14TH TO THE 17TH CENTURY 


With an introduction by 
HAROLD DONALDSON EBERLEIN 


HIS book offers a mass of valuable material such as has not heretofore 

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objects illustrated are chiefly taken from the famous museums of Spain and 
from important private collections, among others from the House of El 
Greco, the Museum of “Cau Ferrat’’ at Barcelona, the Archaeological 
Museum, Madrid, Museum of Decorative Arts, Madrid, etc. 


$18.00 net 














